Periodic Orbits in Magnetic Fields in Dimensions Greater than Two

The Hamiltonian flow of the standard metric Hamiltonian with respect to the twisted symplectic structure on the cotangent bundle describes the motion of a charged particle on the base. We prove that under certain natural hypotheses the number of periodic orbits on low energy levels for this flow is at least the sum of Betti numbers of the base. The problem is closely related to the existence question for periodic orbits on energy levels of a proper Hamiltonian near a Morse–Bott non-degenerate minimum. In this case, when some extra requirements are met, we also give a lower bound for the number of periodic orbits. Both of these questions are very similar to the Weinstein conjecture but differ from it in that the energy levels may fail to have contact type. We show that the bounded sets in the cotangent bundle to the torus, with a twisted symplectic structure, have finite Hofer–Zehnder capacity. As a consequence, we obtain the existence of periodic orbits on almost all energy levels for magnetic fields on tori.